{"id":279078,"date":"2026-06-01T16:32:30","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T14:32:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unipile.com\/?p=279078"},"modified":"2026-06-03T14:57:06","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T12:57:06","slug":"gmail-api-dienstkonten-domainweiterdelegation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unipile.com\/de\/gmail-api-service-account-domain-wide-delegation\/","title":{"rendered":"Gmail API Service Account &amp; Domain-Wide Delegation: Der Leitfaden f\u00fcr Entwickler 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; 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UNIPILE TOC  -  Gmail Service Account \/ DWD article  -  Divi-safe<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->   ============================================================ *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc *,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc *::before,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc *::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  float: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1100px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  position: relative !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(15, 39, 54, 0.04) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-header {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: space-between !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding-bottom: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-header-left {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-icon-box {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 36px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 36px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-icon-box svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-toggle {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: background 0.2s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-toggle svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: transform 0.3s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc:not(.utc-expanded) .utc-toggle svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transform: rotate(-90deg) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: grid !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-col {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-left: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-col:first-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding-left: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-left: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-col:last-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding-right: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-col-label {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 11px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #94a3b8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link-list {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-direction: column !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 4px 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-num {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f4f5f7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 4px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #94a3b8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 1px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-num.utc-num-faq {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.2px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 500 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.45 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: color 0.2s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex: 1 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link:hover .utc-num {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.15) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link:hover .utc-link-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link.utc-active .utc-num {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link.utc-active .utc-link-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-link.utc-read .utc-num {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.15) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#unipile-toc .utc-tag-best {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 9px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 2px 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 4px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-left: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  vertical-align: middle !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 1000px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    gap: 24px 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-col {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 0 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-col:nth-child(2n+1) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-left: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-left: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-col:nth-child(2n) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-right: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 700px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 22px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-header {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-bottom: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-toggle {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    gap: 22px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    overflow: hidden !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    transition: max-height 0.4s ease, margin-top 0.3s ease, padding-top 0.3s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \/* === COLLAPSED PAR DEFAUT EN CSS sur mobile (avant meme le JS) === *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    max-height: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-top: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-top: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-top: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \/* Si le JS a tourne et l'utilisateur ouvre, cette classe re-affiche *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc.utc-expanded .utc-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    max-height: 2000px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-top: 22px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-top: 22px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-col {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-left: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-top: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #unipile-toc .utc-col:first-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    border-top: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding-top: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"unipile-toc\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"utc-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"utc-header\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"utc-header-left\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"utc-icon-box\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <line x1=\"8\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"6\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <line x1=\"8\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"12\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <line x1=\"8\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"18\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"3.01\" y2=\"6\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"3.01\" y2=\"12\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"3.01\" y2=\"18\"\/><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"utc-title\">Table of Contents<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <button type=\"button\" class=\"utc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle table of contents\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"utc-toggle-label\">Show<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"utc-grid\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- COLUMN 1 - Concepts --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"utc-col\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"utc-col-label\">Concepts<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"utc-link-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-what\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">01<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">What is a service account?<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-compare\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">02<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">Service Account vs OAuth<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-scopes\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">03<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">Required OAuth scopes<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- COLUMN 2 - Setup --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"utc-col\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"utc-col-label\">Setup Guide<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"utc-link-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-setup\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">04<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">Set up DWD in 5 steps<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-limits\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">05<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">Gmail limits &#038; gotchas<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- COLUMN 3 - Decision --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"utc-col\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"utc-col-label\">Decision Framework<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"utc-link-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-when-not\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">06<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">When NOT to use DWD<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-managed\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">07<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">The managed alternative<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- COLUMN 4 - FAQ --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"utc-col\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"utc-col-label\">Quick Reference<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"utc-link-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#gsa-managed\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num\">08<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">Skip the admin dance<span class=\"utc-tag-best\">Best<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <a class=\"utc-link\" href=\"#faq-gsa\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-num utc-num-faq\">FAQ<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <span class=\"utc-link-text\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- 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-->    var scrollY = window.pageYOffset + 120;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var activeId = null;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var readIds = [];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    sectionIds.forEach(function(id){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      var el = document.getElementById(id);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      if (el) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        var top = el.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        if (top <= scrollY) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          activeId = id;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          readIds.push(id);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    links.forEach(function(link){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      var href = link.getAttribute('href');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      var id = href ? href.substring(1) : '';<!-- 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[et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 70px 20px 60px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1100px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: grid !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 60px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-direction: column !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #2aaa7e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: fit-content !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.18 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-accent {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-desc {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-actions {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-wrap: wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-cta {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: transform 0.25s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-cta:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transform: translateY(-5px) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-cta svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: currentColor !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-secondary {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 12px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 2px solid #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.25s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-secondary:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Code mockup side *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-visual {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-direction: column !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-code {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow: hidden !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0d1117 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-editor-bar {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #161b22 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 12px 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-dot-r { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #ff5f57 !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-dot-y { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #febc2e !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-dot-g { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #28c840 !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-filename {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #8b949e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-left: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-pre {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 22px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow-x: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0d1117 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: pre-wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  word-break: break-word !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-pre code {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: pre-wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  word-break: break-word !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .c { color: #8b949e !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .k { color: #ff7b72 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .fn { color: #d2a8ff !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .s { color: #a5d6ff !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .w { color: #e6edf3 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .n { color: #79c0ff !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-ok {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.1) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-top: 1px solid rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.25) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 11px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-ok svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero { padding: 50px 20px 40px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-container { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; gap: 40px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero h1 { font-size: 34px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero { padding: 40px 16px 32px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero h1 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-desc { font-size: 16px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-actions { flex-direction: column !important; align-items: stretch !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-cta, #upl-gsa-hero .gsa-h-secondary { width: 100% !important; justify-content: center !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-hero h1 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-hero\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-hero\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gsa-h-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsa-h-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsa-h-badge\"><span class=\"gsa-h-dot\"><\/span><span>Gmail API &#8211; 2026 Guide<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <h1>Gmail API Service Account &#038; <span class=\"gsa-h-accent\">Domain-Wide Delegation<\/span>: The 2026 Guide for Developers<\/h1><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee class=\"gsa-h-desc\">Set up Gmail API service account with domain-wide delegation: full Admin Console steps, required scopes, hard limits, and an honest decision framework for when DWD is the wrong choice. Plus: the managed OAuth alternative that skips the admin dance entirely.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsa-h-actions\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"gsa-h-cta\" data-upl-link=\"https:\/\/dashboard.unipile.com\/signup\/\" data-upl-target=\"_blank\"><span>Skip DWD<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"gsa-h-secondary\" data-upl-link=\"https:\/\/developer.unipile.com\/docs\/google-oauth\" data-upl-target=\"_blank\"><span>Read the docs<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsa-h-visual\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsa-h-code\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsa-h-editor-bar\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"gsa-h-dot-r\"><\/span><span class=\"gsa-h-dot-y\"><\/span><span class=\"gsa-h-dot-g\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"gsa-h-filename\">service_account_gmail.py<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsa-h-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">from<\/span> <span class=\"w\">google.oauth2<\/span> <span class=\"k\">import<\/span> <span class=\"w\">service_account<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"k\">from<\/span> <span class=\"w\">googleapiclient.discovery<\/span> <span class=\"k\">import<\/span> <span class=\"fn\">build<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># Load service account credentials<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">creds <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span> <span class=\"w\">service_account.Credentials<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">  .<\/span><span class=\"fn\">from_service_account_file<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    <\/span><span class=\"s\">'service-account-key.json'<\/span><span class=\"w\">,<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    scopes<\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\">[<\/span><span class=\"s\">'https:\/\/mail.google.com\/'<\/span><span class=\"w\">]<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">  )<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># Impersonate a workspace user (DWD)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">delegated <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span> <span class=\"w\">creds.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">with_subject<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">  <\/span><span class=\"s\">'user@yourdomain.com'<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># Build Gmail service<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">service <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span> <span class=\"fn\">build<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">'gmail'<\/span><span class=\"w\">, <\/span><span class=\"s\">'v1'<\/span><span class=\"w\">, credentials=delegated)<\/span><\/code><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsa-h-ok\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Domain-wide delegation active<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->(function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function init(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var 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href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&#038;family=Poppins:wght@700;800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what *,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what *::before,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what *::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 70px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1100px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #2aaa7e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: fit-content !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 35px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-def {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-left: 4px solid #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-def p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #1e293b !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-def strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-body {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-body strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-cards {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: grid !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-card-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-card-icon svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 22px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 22px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-card h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-what .gsw-card p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #64748b !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.65 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-what { padding: 50px 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-what h2 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-what .gsw-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-what { padding: 40px 16px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-what h2 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-what .gsw-body { font-size: 16px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-what h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-what\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-what\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gsw-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsw-badge\"><span class=\"gsw-dot\"><\/span><span>Definition<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2>What is a Gmail API service account?<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsw-def\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee>A <strong>Gmail API service account with domain-wide delegation<\/strong> is a Google Cloud identity that allows a backend application to access Gmail data for any user in a Google Workspace organization &#8211; without individual user consent. The service account is granted admin-level trust in the Google Workspace Admin Console, enabling it to impersonate any user in the domain using OAuth 2.0 JWT authentication.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gsw-body\">Unlike standard OAuth 2.0 where each user authorizes your app interactively, <strong>gmail api service account domain-wide delegation<\/strong> lets your server code call Gmail APIs on behalf of hundreds or thousands of workspace users with a single service account credential. The tradeoff: it only works on Google Workspace domains &#8211; not on personal @gmail.com accounts.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gsw-body\">This pattern is common in enterprise tooling: email archiving systems, compliance monitoring platforms, internal CRM integrations, and calendar\/email sync services that need to operate across an entire company domain without asking each employee to individually authorize the app.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsw-cards\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsw-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsw-card-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"3\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M3 9h18\"\/><path d=\"M9 21V9\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3>No user consent flow<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Service account accesses Gmail on behalf of workspace users without triggering OAuth prompts.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsw-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsw-card-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"M12 8v4l3 3\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3>Server-to-server auth<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Uses JWT signed with a private key &#8211; no browser redirect, no authorization code exchange.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsw-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsw-card-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3>Domain-scoped access<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Authorized once by a Workspace Super Admin &#8211; applies across all users in the organization.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&#038;family=Poppins:wght@700;800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp *,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp *::before,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp *::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 70px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1100px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(221, 223, 76, 0.18) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #8a8c2e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: fit-content !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 35px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Comparison Table *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-table-wrap {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow-x: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 48px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp table {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-collapse: collapse !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  min-width: 600px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp thead tr {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp thead th {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 16px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-align: left !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp thead th:first-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 14px 0 0 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp thead th:last-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 0 14px 0 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-th-green {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp tbody tr {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f2f5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp tbody tr:last-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-bottom: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp tbody tr:nth-child(even) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f8fafc !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp tbody td {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  vertical-align: top !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp tbody td:first-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-yes {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-yes svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-no {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ef4444 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-no svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #ef4444 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-partial {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #f59e0b !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Decision callouts *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-decision-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: grid !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-decision-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-decision-card h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-decision-card h3 svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: currentColor !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-use-list {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-direction: column !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-use-item {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.6 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-use-item svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 2px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Critical limit callout *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-callout {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-left: 4px solid #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 24px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-callout h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-callout h3 svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-callout p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.75 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-callout strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Inline CTA *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-strip {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: space-between !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f4f5f7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 22px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-wrap: wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-strip p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.6 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-strip strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-btn {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 12px 22px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.9rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: transform 0.25s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-btn:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transform: translateY(-5px) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-btn svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: currentColor !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp { padding: 50px 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp h2 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-decision-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp { padding: 40px 16px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp h2 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-strip { flex-direction: column !important; align-items: flex-start !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-cta-btn { width: 100% !important; justify-content: center !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp .gsac-callout { padding: 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-cmp h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-compare\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-cmp\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gsac-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsac-badge\"><span class=\"gsac-dot\"><\/span><span>Decision Framework<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2>Service Account vs OAuth user-side: which one do you actually need?<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gsac-intro\">Both patterns use OAuth 2.0 scopes to access Gmail, but they are fundamentally different in architecture, setup cost, and who they work for. Here is the honest comparison &#8211; including the managed option that skips both setup paths entirely.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsac-table-wrap\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <table><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <thead><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th>Criteria<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th>Service Account + DWD<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th>OAuth user-side<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th class=\"gsac-th-green\">Unipile managed<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/thead><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <tbody><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Google Workspace required<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Required<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-no\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><span>Not needed<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-no\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><span>Not needed<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>@gmail.com support<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-no\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><span>No &#8211; workspace only<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Yes<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Yes<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>User consent needed<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-no\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><span>Admin grants, no per-user<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Each user consents<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>OAuth per user, handled<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Admin Console setup<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Required &#8211; complex path<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-no\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><span>Not needed<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-no\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><span>Not needed<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Scope verification by Google<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Required for restricted<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Required for restricted<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Unipile is CASA Tier 2<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>CASA assessment<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-partial\">Your burden<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-partial\">Your burden<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Already done<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Multi-tenant SaaS friendliness<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-no\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><span>Hard &#8211; per-tenant admin<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Good<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Excellent<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Time to first API call<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Days (admin approval + setup)<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Hours<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsac-yes\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Minutes<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/tbody><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/table><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- When to use DWD --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsac-decision-grid\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsac-decision-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><span>Use service account + DWD when&#8230;<\/span><\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsac-use-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Your users all belong to a single Google Workspace organization<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>You are building an internal enterprise tool (IT admin, compliance, archiving)<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>You have a Workspace Super Admin willing to authorize your client ID<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Silent background access is required (no user OAuth prompts acceptable)<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsac-decision-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"8\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"12\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"16\"\/><\/svg><span>Use OAuth user-side when&#8230;<\/span><\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsac-use-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Your users have personal @gmail.com accounts (DWD cannot work here)<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>You are building a B2C or PLG product with external sign-ups<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Your tenants use different domains &#8211; you cannot get admin consent at scale<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gsac-use-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Time-to-market matters and you cannot wait for admin dance approvals<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Critical limit callout --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsac-callout\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <h3><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.29 3.86L1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"9\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"13\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"17\"\/><\/svg><span>Critical limit: DWD does not work on @gmail.com accounts<\/span><\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee>This is the most common mistake teams make when choosing <strong>gmail api service account domain-wide delegation<\/strong>. DWD can only impersonate users who belong to a Google Workspace domain that has explicitly authorized your service account&#8217;s client ID. <strong>Personal @gmail.com addresses are not part of any Workspace domain<\/strong> and cannot be impersonated &#8211; the API call will return a 400 error with <code style=\"color:#DDDF4C;font-family:monospace;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.1);padding:2px 6px;border-radius:4px;\">admin_policy_enforced<\/code> or an invalid delegation error. If your product serves both @gmail.com and Workspace users, service account + DWD is not the right choice.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- CTA 2 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsac-cta-strip\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <pee><strong>Need Gmail access without Workspace admin?<\/strong> Unipile&#8217;s managed OAuth works for @gmail.com and Workspace users with a single unified API &#8211; no DWD setup required.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"gsac-cta-btn\" data-upl-link=\"https:\/\/dashboard.unipile.com\/signup\/\" data-upl-target=\"_blank\"><span>Use Unipile&#8217;s key<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] 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-->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(221, 223, 76, 0.18) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #8a8c2e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: fit-content !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 35px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Steps *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-steps {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-direction: column !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-step {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-step-num {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 2px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-step-body {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex: 1 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-step-body h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 19px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.3 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-step-body p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-step-body strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-step-body a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: underline !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Path callout *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-path {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f4f5f7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-left: 3px solid #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 12px 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow-x: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: pre-wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  word-break: break-word !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Code block *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-code-wrap {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow: hidden !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0d1117 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 16px 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-editor-bar {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #161b22 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 12px 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-dot-r { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #ff5f57 !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-dot-y { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #febc2e !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-dot-g { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #28c840 !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-fname {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #8b949e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-left: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-pre {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 20px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow-x: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0d1117 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-pre code {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: pre-wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  word-break: break-word !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .c { color: #8b949e !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .k { color: #ff7b72 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .fn { color: #d2a8ff !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .s { color: #a5d6ff !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .w { color: #e6edf3 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Tab switcher *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-tabs {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 4px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #161b22 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 8px 8px 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-tab {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 8px 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #8b949e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-tab.active {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0d1117 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #e6edf3 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-tab-pane { display: none !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-tab-pane.active { display: block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Note box *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-note {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.08) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid rgba(59,185,139,0.2) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.65 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 12px 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-note svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 1px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-note strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-setup .gss-note a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: underline !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup { padding: 50px 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup h2 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup .gss-step { flex-direction: column !important; gap: 12px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup { padding: 40px 16px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup h2 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup .gss-step-body p { font-size: 15px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup .gss-path { font-size: 12px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-setup h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-setup\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-setup\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gss-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gss-badge\"><span class=\"gss-dot\"><\/span><span>Step-by-Step Guide<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2>How to set up domain-wide delegation in Google Workspace (5 steps)<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gss-intro\">Here is the complete 2026 procedure for configuring <strong>gmail api service account domain-wide delegation<\/strong>. You need a Google Cloud project, a Workspace Super Admin, and about 30 minutes for the first setup.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gss-steps\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- Step 1 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gss-step\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-num\">1<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>Create a service account in Google Cloud Console<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>Go to <strong>console.cloud.google.com<\/strong>, select your project (or create one), then navigate to <strong>IAM &#038; Admin > Service Accounts > Create Service Account<\/strong>. Give it a descriptive name like <code style=\"background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;\">gmail-dwd-service<\/code>. You do not need to assign any Cloud IAM roles at this stage &#8211; the permissions come from Google Workspace Admin Console, not from Cloud IAM.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gss-note\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"8\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"12\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"16\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>Note:<\/strong> Note the service account&#8217;s <strong>Unique ID<\/strong> (the numeric client ID shown in the service account details). You will need this exact value when authorizing DWD in the Admin Console.<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- Step 2 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gss-step\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-num\">2<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>Generate and download the JSON key<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>In the service account detail page, go to <strong>Keys > Add Key > Create new key > JSON<\/strong>. Download the file &#8211; this is the credential your application will use to sign JWTs. Store it securely: treat the JSON key like a private SSL certificate. Never commit it to version control.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>The JSON file contains the <code style=\"background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;\">client_email<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;\">private_key<\/code>, and <code style=\"background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;\">client_id<\/code> fields your code needs. As an alternative to file-based keys, you can use <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/iam\/docs\/workload-identity-federation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Workload Identity Federation<\/a> for keyless authentication in production environments.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- Step 3 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gss-step\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-num\">3<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>Enable Gmail API and identify required scopes<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>In Google Cloud Console, go to <strong>APIs &#038; Services > Enable APIs and Services<\/strong> and enable the <strong>Gmail API<\/strong>. Then decide which OAuth scopes your application needs. For most Gmail operations you need at minimum <code style=\"background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly<\/code> (sensitive) or <code style=\"background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;\">https:\/\/mail.google.com\/<\/code> (restricted).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gss-note\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"8\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"12\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"16\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>Scope selection matters:<\/strong> Restricted scopes (<code style=\"font-family:monospace;font-size:12px;\">https:\/\/mail.google.com\/<\/code>) require a formal Google security review and CASA Tier 2 assessment before you can use them in production. See the full scope reference in the next section and in the <a href=\"\/gmail-api-scopes-guide\/\">Gmail OAuth scopes deep-dive<\/a> for details on the review process.<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- Step 4 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gss-step\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-num\">4<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>Authorize the client ID in Admin Console<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>This is the step that requires your <strong>Google Workspace Super Admin<\/strong>. Navigate in the Admin Console to:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gss-path\">Menu > Security > Access and data control > API controls > Domain-wide delegation > Manage Domain-Wide Delegation > Add new<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>In the &#8220;Add new&#8221; dialog, enter the service account&#8217;s <strong>numeric client ID<\/strong> (the Unique ID you noted in Step 1) and the list of OAuth scopes separated by commas. For example:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gss-path\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly, https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.send<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>Save the entry. Changes typically propagate within a few minutes but can take up to 60 minutes in large organizations. Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/a\/answer\/162106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Workspace Admin Help &#8211; Control API access with domain-wide delegation<\/a>.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gss-note\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.29 3.86L1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"9\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"13\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"17\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>Multi-party approval (August 2024 update):<\/strong> Google introduced multi-party approval for certain high-privilege Workspace admin actions. Depending on your Workspace edition and organization settings, authorizing domain-wide delegation may require a second Super Admin to confirm the action. See the <a href=\"https:\/\/workspaceupdates.googleblog.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Workspace Updates blog<\/a> for the latest on this requirement.<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <!-- Step 5 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gss-step\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-num\">5<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gss-step-body\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>Impersonate a user from your backend<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>With the service account key downloaded and DWD authorized, you can now call Gmail APIs on behalf of any user in the domain. The key step is calling <code style=\"background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;\">with_subject()<\/code> on the credentials to set the user to impersonate.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <!-- Tabs for Python \/ Node.js --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <div class=\"gss-code-wrap\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <div class=\"gss-tabs\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <span class=\"gss-tab active\" data-tab=\"python\">Python<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <span class=\"gss-tab\" data-tab=\"nodejs\">Node.js<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <div id=\"gss-py\" class=\"gss-tab-pane active\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <div class=\"gss-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">from<\/span> <span class=\"w\"> google.oauth2 <\/span><span class=\"k\">import<\/span><span class=\"w\"> service_account<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"k\">from<\/span><span class=\"w\"> googleapiclient.discovery <\/span><span class=\"k\">import<\/span><span class=\"w\"> build<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">SCOPES <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> [<\/span><span class=\"s\">'https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly'<\/span><span class=\"w\">]<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> <\/span><span class=\"s\">'service-account-key.json'<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># Load base credentials from JSON key<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">credentials <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> service_account.Credentials.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">from_service_account_file<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE, scopes<\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\">SCOPES<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># Impersonate the target workspace user (DWD)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">delegated_creds <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> credentials.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">with_subject<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">'user@yourdomain.com'<\/span><span class=\"w\">)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># Build the Gmail service with delegated credentials<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">service <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> <\/span><span class=\"fn\">build<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">'gmail'<\/span><span class=\"w\">, <\/span><span class=\"s\">'v1'<\/span><span class=\"w\">, credentials<\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\">delegated_creds)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># List the user's inbox labels<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">results <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> service.users().labels().<\/span><span class=\"fn\">list<\/span><span class=\"w\">(userId<\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"s\">'me'<\/span><span class=\"w\">).<\/span><span class=\"fn\">execute<\/span><span class=\"w\">()<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"fn\">print<\/span><span class=\"w\">(results)<\/span><\/code><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <div id=\"gss-node\" class=\"gss-tab-pane\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <div class=\"gss-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">const<\/span><span class=\"w\"> { google } <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> <\/span><span class=\"fn\">require<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">'googleapis'<\/span><span class=\"w\">);<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"k\">const<\/span><span class=\"w\"> auth <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> <\/span><span class=\"k\">new<\/span><span class=\"w\"> google.auth.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">GoogleAuth<\/span><span class=\"w\">({<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">  keyFile: <\/span><span class=\"s\">'service-account-key.json'<\/span><span class=\"w\">,<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">  scopes: [<\/span><span class=\"s\">'https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly'<\/span><span class=\"w\">],<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\">  \/\/ Set the user to impersonate (DWD)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">  clientOptions: { subject: <\/span><span class=\"s\">'user@yourdomain.com'<\/span><span class=\"w\"> }<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">});<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"k\">const<\/span><span class=\"w\"> gmail <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> google.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">gmail<\/span><span class=\"w\">({ version: <\/span><span class=\"s\">'v1'<\/span><span class=\"w\">, auth });<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\">\/\/ List labels for the impersonated user<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"k\">const<\/span><span class=\"w\"> res <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> <\/span><span class=\"k\">await<\/span><span class=\"w\"> gmail.users.labels.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">list<\/span><span class=\"w\">({ userId: <\/span><span class=\"s\">'me'<\/span><span class=\"w\"> });<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">console.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">log<\/span><span class=\"w\">(res.data.labels);<\/span><\/code><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->(function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function init(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var el=document.getElementById('upl-gsa-setup');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if(!el)return;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \/\/ Tab 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-->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes table {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-collapse: collapse !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  min-width: 500px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes thead tr {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes thead th {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-align: left !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes thead th:first-child { border-radius: 14px 0 0 0 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes thead th:last-child { border-radius: 0 14px 0 0 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes tbody tr { border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f2f5 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes tbody tr:last-child { border-bottom: none !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f8fafc !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes tbody td {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  vertical-align: top !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes .gsc-scope-code {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f1f5f9 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 3px 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 4px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  word-break: break-all !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes .gsc-pill {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 3px 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 11px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes .gsc-pill svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: currentColor !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes .gsc-sensitive {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(251,191,36,0.15) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #92400e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes .gsc-restricted {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(239,68,68,0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #dc2626 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-scopes .gsc-basic {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #2aaa7e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-scopes { padding: 50px 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-scopes h2 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-scopes { padding: 40px 16px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-scopes h2 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-scopes .gsc-intro { font-size: 16px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-scopes h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-scopes\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-scopes\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gsc-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsc-badge\"><span class=\"gsc-dot\"><\/span><span>OAuth Scopes<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2>Required OAuth scopes for Gmail DWD<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gsc-intro\">Google classifies Gmail API scopes into three tiers: <strong>basic<\/strong>, <strong>sensitive<\/strong>, and <strong>restricted<\/strong>. The tier determines how much scrutiny Google applies before you can use the scope in production. For domain-wide delegation, you must list all scopes in the Admin Console authorization entry. For a full breakdown of every scope and what Google&#8217;s verification process looks like, see the <a href=\"\/gmail-api-scopes-guide\/\">Gmail OAuth Scopes deep-dive<\/a>.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsc-table-wrap\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <table><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <thead><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th>Scope<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th>Access level<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th>Tier<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <th>Google review required<\/th><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/thead><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <tbody><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Read all messages and metadata<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-sensitive\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"11\" width=\"18\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><span>Sensitive<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Yes &#8211; OAuth consent screen verification<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.send<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Send email on behalf of user<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-sensitive\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"11\" width=\"18\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><span>Sensitive<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Yes &#8211; OAuth consent screen verification<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.modify<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Read, compose, send, delete (not permanently)<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-sensitive\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"11\" width=\"18\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><span>Sensitive<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Yes &#8211; OAuth consent screen verification<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.labels<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Create, read, update, delete labels<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-basic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Basic<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>No<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.metadata<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Read message metadata (headers, no body)<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-basic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Basic<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>No<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/mail.google.com\/<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Full access &#8211; read, write, send, delete all<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-restricted\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"11\" width=\"18\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"15\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"17\"\/><\/svg><span>Restricted<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Yes &#8211; full security assessment + CASA Tier 2<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.settings.basic<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Manage basic mail settings (filters, labels)<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-sensitive\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"11\" width=\"18\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><span>Sensitive<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Yes &#8211; OAuth consent screen verification<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-scope-code\">https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.settings.sharing<\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Manage sensitive settings (forwarding, IMAP\/POP)<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td><span class=\"gsc-pill gsc-restricted\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"11\" width=\"18\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"15\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"17\"\/><\/svg><span>Restricted<\/span><\/span><\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            <td>Yes &#8211; full security assessment + CASA Tier 2<\/td><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <\/tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/tbody><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/table><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&#038;family=Poppins:wght@700;800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits *,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits *::before,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits *::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 70px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1100px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(239,68,68,0.1) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #dc2626 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: fit-content !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #dc2626 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 35px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-intro a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: underline !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Limit cards grid *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: grid !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.35 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card h3 .gsl-num {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(239,68,68,0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #dc2626 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 1px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.75 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: underline !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card code {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f1f5f9 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 2px 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 3px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-limits .gsl-warn {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(251,191,36,0.1) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-left: 3px solid #f59e0b !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 12px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #78350f !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.6 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits { padding: 50px 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits h2 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits .gsl-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits { padding: 40px 16px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits h2 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits .gsl-intro { font-size: 16px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits .gsl-card p { font-size: 14px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-limits h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-limits\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-limits\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gsl-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsl-badge\"><span class=\"gsl-dot\"><\/span><span>Limits &#038; Gotchas<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2>Gmail-specific limits and gotchas<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gsl-intro\">Before committing to <strong>gmail api service account domain-wide delegation<\/strong>, know these constraints. Some are hard technical limits from Google; others are policy requirements that can block your app from going live. For troubleshooting errors like <code style=\"font-family:monospace;background:#f1f5f9;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;\">admin_policy_enforced<\/code>, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unipile.com\/google-oauth-gmail-api-errors\/\">Gmail API errors guide<\/a>.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsl-grid\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsl-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3><span class=\"gsl-num\">1<\/span><span>25 delegates max per user<\/span><\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Gmail enforces a hard limit of <strong>25 mail delegates per user account<\/strong>. This is a per-user quota enforced at the Gmail level, not the Google Cloud API quota level. If you are building a compliance or archiving tool that needs to operate across a large organization, plan your architecture around this limit early. You cannot request an increase from Google.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsl-warn\">This limit applies to actual mail delegation (access to a mailbox), not to service account DWD impersonation. DWD impersonation itself does not count against this 25-delegate limit &#8211; but any explicit &#8220;grant access to mailbox&#8221; settings do.<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsl-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3><span class=\"gsl-num\">2<\/span><span>Primary email required, no alias<\/span><\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>When calling <code>with_subject()<\/code> or setting the JWT <code>sub<\/code> claim, you must use the user&#8217;s <strong>primary email address<\/strong>, not an alias or a group email. For example, if a user&#8217;s primary address is <code>john@company.com<\/code> but they also have <code>john.smith@company.com<\/code> as an alias, you must use the primary. Using an alias will result in an authentication error from the Gmail API.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Similarly, group email addresses (like <code>team@company.com<\/code>) cannot be impersonated with DWD &#8211; groups are not individual user accounts.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsl-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3><span class=\"gsl-num\">3<\/span><span>CASA Tier 2 annual assessment for restricted scopes<\/span><\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>If your application uses any <strong>restricted Gmail scopes<\/strong> (such as <code>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/<\/code>), Google requires you to pass a <strong>CASA (Cloud Application Security Assessment) Tier 2<\/strong> evaluation before your app can access Gmail data for external users. This is an annual requirement, not a one-time certification.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>CASA Tier 2 is conducted by a Google-approved security assessor. The assessment covers your app&#8217;s security architecture, data handling practices, and access controls. Timeline: budget 4-8 weeks and real cost. This is a significant barrier for early-stage teams.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsl-warn\">If you are still in development or POC phase, Google allows restricted scope access for testing with a limited number of users before formal verification. Plan your certification timeline before your production launch date.<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsl-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3><span class=\"gsl-num\">4<\/span><span>Multi-party approvals (Google August 2024 update)<\/span><\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Starting August 2024, Google introduced <strong>multi-party approval<\/strong> for certain high-privilege administrative actions in Google Workspace. Depending on your Workspace edition (Business Standard, Enterprise, etc.) and your organization&#8217;s security settings, authorizing a new client ID for domain-wide delegation may now require a second Super Admin to confirm the action before it takes effect.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>This means the path of &#8220;get one admin to authorize DWD&#8221; is no longer guaranteed to work in one step for all organizations. Check your organization&#8217;s Workspace admin policies and the <a href=\"https:\/\/workspaceupdates.googleblog.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Workspace Updates blog<\/a> for the latest requirements before starting the setup process with a customer&#8217;s IT team.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&#038;family=Poppins:wght@700;800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not *,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not *::before,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not *::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 70px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1100px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(239,68,68,0.1) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #dc2626 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: fit-content !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #dc2626 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 35px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-intro strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Scenario list *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenarios {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-direction: column !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenario {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-left: 4px solid #ef4444 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 22px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenario-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(239,68,68,0.1) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 2px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenario-icon svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #ef4444 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenario h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenario p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.75 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenario strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* CTA strip *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: space-between !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 28px 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-wrap: wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex: 1 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta-text h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta-text p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.65 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta-btn {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: transform 0.25s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta-btn:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transform: translateY(-5px) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta-btn svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: currentColor !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not { padding: 50px 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not h2 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta { flex-direction: column !important; align-items: flex-start !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not { padding: 40px 16px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not h2 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-intro { font-size: 16px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-scenario { flex-direction: column !important; gap: 12px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not .gswn-cta-btn { width: 100% !important; justify-content: center !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-when-not h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-when-not\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-when-not\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gswn-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gswn-badge\"><span class=\"gswn-dot\"><\/span><span>Wrong Choice Alert<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2>When NOT to use service account + DWD (the SaaS multi-tenant problem)<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gswn-intro\">This section is the one most guides skip. <strong>Gmail API service account domain-wide delegation is a powerful but narrow tool.<\/strong> If any of these scenarios describe your situation, DWD will either not work at all, or create operational overhead that outweighs the benefit. Choosing DWD in these cases is a common and costly mistake.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gswn-scenarios\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gswn-scenario\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gswn-scenario-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"4.93\" y1=\"4.93\" x2=\"19.07\" y2=\"19.07\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>B2C or PLG product serving @gmail.com users<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>If your product has a self-serve sign-up flow and your users include people with personal <strong>@gmail.com accounts<\/strong>, DWD is architecturally incompatible with your use case. DWD cannot impersonate @gmail.com accounts &#8211; full stop. You need standard OAuth user-side authorization for every user who signs up, regardless of whether they also happen to have a Workspace account.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gswn-scenario\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gswn-scenario-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>Multi-tenant SaaS with customers on different Workspace domains<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>If each of your customers is a different company with their own Google Workspace domain, you would need a <strong>separate DWD authorization from a Super Admin at every single customer organization<\/strong>. This is not scalable. Each customer&#8217;s IT admin must follow the 5-step setup process independently. Standard OAuth user-side authorization &#8211; or a managed OAuth solution &#8211; is far better suited for multi-tenant products where your users span many different organizations.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gswn-scenario\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gswn-scenario-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"8\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"12\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"16\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>No access to a Google Workspace Super Admin<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>DWD requires a <strong>Google Workspace Super Admin to authorize your service account&#8217;s client ID<\/strong> in the Admin Console. If your target users or your own organization does not have a Super Admin available, or if the IT approval process takes weeks to months, DWD will block your entire go-to-market. This is common in regulated industries, large enterprises, and organizations with strict change management processes.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gswn-scenario\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gswn-scenario-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><polyline points=\"12 6 12 12 16 14\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <h3>Short time-to-market, no CASA budget yet<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <pee>If you are pre-product-market-fit and need Gmail integration <strong>running in days rather than weeks<\/strong>, the combined timeline of: (1) creating a Google Cloud project, (2) waiting for Admin Console propagation, (3) going through Google&#8217;s OAuth app verification for sensitive scopes, and (4) planning CASA Tier 2 for restricted scopes &#8211; is prohibitive. The admin dance alone can take longer than your sprint. A managed OAuth provider that has already passed these reviews is a legitimate engineering choice, not just a shortcut.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- CTA 3 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gswn-cta\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gswn-cta-text\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3>Skip the admin dance<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Unipile provides hosted OAuth for Gmail, Outlook, and IMAP. CASA Tier 2 certified. No DWD setup, no Admin Console. Works for @gmail.com and Workspace users alike.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"gswn-cta-btn\" data-upl-link=\"https:\/\/dashboard.unipile.com\/signup\/\" data-upl-target=\"_blank\"><span>Skip the admin dance<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->(function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function init(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var el=document.getElementById('upl-gsa-when-not');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if(!el)return;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    el.addEventListener('click',function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      var 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*,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed *::before,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed *::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 70px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 1100px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59, 185, 139, 0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #2aaa7e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  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35px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.2 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 17px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-intro strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Feature cards *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-features {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: grid !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-card-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  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[et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-provider-pill img {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  object-fit: contain !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-provider-pill span {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Compliance note *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-compliance {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f4f5f7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 24px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #64748b !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.75 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-compliance strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Code mockup - how it looks with Unipile *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-code-wrap {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow: hidden !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0d1117 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-editor-bar {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #161b22 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 12px 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-dot-r { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #ff5f57 !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-dot-y { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #febc2e !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-dot-g { width: 12px !important; height: 12px !important; border-radius: 50% !important; background: #28c840 !important; flex-shrink: 0 !important; display: inline-block !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-fname {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #8b949e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-left: 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-pre {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 20px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.8 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow-x: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0d1117 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-pre code {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: pre-wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  word-break: break-word !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .c { color: #8b949e !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .k { color: #ff7b72 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .fn { color: #d2a8ff !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .s { color: #a5d6ff !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .w { color: #e6edf3 !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-ok {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.1) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-top: 1px solid rgba(59,185,139,0.25) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 11px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-ok svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* Final CTAs *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-ctas {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-wrap: wrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-primary {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: transform 0.25s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-primary:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transform: translateY(-5px) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-primary svg, #upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-secondary svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke: currentColor !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  fill: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-width: 2.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linecap: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  stroke-linejoin: round !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-secondary {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 12px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 2px solid #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.25s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-secondary:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed { padding: 50px 20px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed h2 { font-size: 28px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed .gsm-features { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed { padding: 40px 16px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed h2 { font-size: 26px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed .gsm-intro { font-size: 16px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed .gsm-ctas { flex-direction: column !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-primary, #upl-gsa-managed .gsm-cta-secondary { width: 100% !important; justify-content: center !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-managed h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"gsa-managed\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-managed\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"gsm-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsm-badge\"><span class=\"gsm-dot\"><\/span><span>Managed Alternative<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2>The managed alternative: hosted OAuth with Unipile<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"gsm-intro\">If your situation makes <strong>gmail api service account domain-wide delegation<\/strong> the wrong choice &#8211; or if you simply want to avoid the 5-step setup, CASA assessment, and annual renewal &#8211; there is a legitimate engineering alternative. Unipile acts as an <strong>independent technical intermediary<\/strong>, managing the OAuth flow on behalf of each authenticated user. This is not a workaround for Google&#8217;s security review. Unipile has completed CASA Tier 2 certification and operates under Google&#8217;s approved framework.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsm-features\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsm-card-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3>CASA Tier 2 certified<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Unipile has passed Google&#8217;s Cloud Application Security Assessment at Tier 2. Your linked accounts access Gmail through an already-verified platform &#8211; no assessment on your side.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsm-card-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3>On behalf of each user<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>Every API call Unipile makes to Gmail is on behalf of each authenticated user individually, using their own OAuth token. No shared credentials, no domain-wide impersonation required.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"gsm-card-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"16 18 22 12 16 6\"\/><polyline points=\"8 6 2 12 8 18\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <h3>Single unified API<\/h3><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <pee>One API for Gmail, Outlook, and IMAP. Switch providers or add new linked accounts without changing your integration code.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Providers row --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsm-providers\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"gsm-providers-label\">Works with:<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-provider-pill\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.unipile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/gmail-3.svg\" alt=\"Gmail logo\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span>Gmail<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-provider-pill\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.unipile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlook-2.svg\" alt=\"Outlook logo\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span>Outlook<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-provider-pill\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.unipile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/imap-1.svg\" alt=\"IMAP logo\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span>IMAP<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Code example --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsm-code-wrap\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-editor-bar\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"gsm-dot-r\"><\/span><span class=\"gsm-dot-y\"><\/span><span class=\"gsm-dot-g\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"gsm-fname\">unipile_gmail_messages.py<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">import<\/span><span class=\"w\"> requests<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># Unipile handles the OAuth flow for each linked account<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># No service account, no DWD, no Admin Console setup needed<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">headers <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> {<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    <\/span><span class=\"s\">\"X-API-KEY\"<\/span><span class=\"w\">: <\/span><span class=\"s\">\"YOUR_UNIPILE_API_KEY\"<\/span><span class=\"w\">,<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    <\/span><span class=\"s\">\"accept\"<\/span><span class=\"w\">: <\/span><span class=\"s\">\"application\/json\"<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">}<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"c\"># List emails from a linked Gmail or Outlook account<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">response <\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\"> requests.<\/span><span class=\"fn\">get<\/span><span class=\"w\">(<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    <\/span><span class=\"s\">\"https:\/\/api.unipile.com\/api\/v1\/emails\"<\/span><span class=\"w\">,<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    headers<\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\">headers,<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">    params<\/span><span class=\"k\">=<\/span><span class=\"w\">{<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"account_id\"<\/span><span class=\"w\">: <\/span><span class=\"s\">\"acc_user_gmail_123\"<\/span><span class=\"w\">}<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"w\">)<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span class=\"fn\">print<\/span><span class=\"w\">(response.json())<\/span><\/code><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"gsm-ok\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Works for @gmail.com, Workspace, Outlook, and IMAP &#8211; no admin setup<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- Compliance note --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsm-compliance\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <strong>How Unipile operates:<\/strong> Unipile is an independent technical intermediary that acts on behalf of each authenticated user. Unipile is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Google. All Gmail access is performed using OAuth tokens granted individually by each user &#8211; not via domain-wide service account impersonation. Unipile does not store email content independently; data access is scoped to the active session of the authenticated user. This is not a workaround for Google&#8217;s security review &#8211; Unipile has completed the required CASA Tier 2 certification and operates within Google&#8217;s approved framework for third-party API access.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- CTAs 4 + 5 --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"gsm-ctas\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"gsm-cta-primary\" data-upl-link=\"https:\/\/dashboard.unipile.com\/signup\/\" data-upl-target=\"_blank\"><span>Build without DWD<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <span class=\"gsm-cta-secondary\" data-upl-link=\"https:\/\/developer.unipile.com\/docs\/google-oauth\" data-upl-target=\"_blank\"><span>Read Unipile OAuth docs<\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->(function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function init(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var el=document.getElementById('upl-gsa-managed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if(!el)return;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    el.addEventListener('click',function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      var t=e.target.closest('[data-upl-link]');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      if(!t)return;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      e.preventDefault();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      window.open(t.getAttribute('data-upl-link'),t.getAttribute('data-upl-target')||'_self');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  if(document.readyState==='loading'){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init);}else{init();}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->})();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<!DOCTYPE html><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><html lang=\"en\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><head><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta charset=\"UTF-8\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><title>Unipile &#8211; Gmail Service Account &#038; DWD FAQ<\/title><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&#038;family=Poppins:wght@600;700&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/head><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><body style=\"background:#ffffff;margin:0;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"mainEntity\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"name\": \"What is a Gmail service account?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"text\": \"A Gmail service account is a special Google Cloud identity (not a human user) that can authenticate to the Gmail API using a private JSON key instead of interactive OAuth. When combined with domain-wide delegation (DWD), it allows a server-side application to access Gmail data for any user in a Google Workspace organization without requiring each user to individually authorize the app.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"name\": \"What is the difference between a service account and OAuth for Gmail?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"text\": \"A Gmail API service account uses server-to-server authentication with a JSON private key and can impersonate any user in a Workspace domain (with domain-wide delegation authorized by an admin). Standard OAuth user-side requires each individual user to go through an interactive consent flow, but works for any Gmail user including personal @gmail.com accounts. Service accounts are suited for enterprise internal tools; OAuth user-side is suited for SaaS products with diverse user bases.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"name\": \"Can I use a Gmail service account with @gmail.com accounts?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"text\": \"No. Gmail API service account domain-wide delegation only works with Google Workspace accounts. It cannot impersonate personal @gmail.com addresses. @gmail.com accounts do not belong to a managed Workspace domain, so there is no admin to authorize the DWD delegation. If your users have @gmail.com accounts, you need standard OAuth user-side authorization.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"name\": \"How do I set up domain-wide delegation in the Admin Console?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"text\": \"In the Google Workspace Admin Console, navigate to: Menu > Security > Access and data control > API controls > Domain-wide delegation > Manage Domain-Wide Delegation > Add new. Enter your service account's numeric client ID and the comma-separated list of OAuth scopes you need. Save, then wait up to 60 minutes for the change to propagate. This step requires a Google Workspace Super Admin account.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"name\": \"Is domain-wide delegation deprecated or restricted in 2026?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"text\": \"Domain-wide delegation is not deprecated as of 2026, but it is more restricted than before. Google introduced multi-party approval for some high-privilege admin actions in August 2024, which may require a second Super Admin to approve DWD authorizations depending on your Workspace edition. Additionally, using restricted Gmail scopes (like https:\/\/mail.google.com\/) requires a CASA Tier 2 security assessment before production use.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"name\": \"What OAuth scopes do I need for Gmail domain-wide delegation?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \"text\": \"The scopes depend on what your application needs to do. For read-only access: https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly (sensitive tier). For sending: https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.send (sensitive). For full access: https:\/\/mail.google.com\/ (restricted, requires CASA Tier 2 assessment). For metadata only: https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.metadata (basic, no review required). You must list all scopes you need in the Admin Console DWD authorization entry.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  ]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><span id=\"faq-gsa\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;top:-80px;visibility:hidden;\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><div id=\"upl-gsa-faq\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq *,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq *::before,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq *::after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-sizing: border-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: normal !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  list-style: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 60px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-width: 900px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin: 0 auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-header {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-align: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 48px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #2aaa7e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 6px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-transform: uppercase !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-bottom: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-badge-dot {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 7px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 35px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- 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[et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow: hidden !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.3s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(59,185,139,0.08) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item.active {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(59,185,139,0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-question {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: space-between !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 22px 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-align: left !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-question-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex: 1 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  min-width: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-number {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 36px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.12) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.8rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item.active .upl-faq-number {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.2) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #2a9d6e !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-question-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 1.05rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.4 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex: 1 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  min-width: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f4f5f7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 50% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.3s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-icon svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #64748b !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: all 0.3s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item:hover .upl-faq-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: rgba(59,185,139,0.1) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item:hover .upl-faq-icon svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item.active .upl-faq-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transform: rotate(45deg) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item.active .upl-faq-icon svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-height: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow: hidden !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: max-height 0.4s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #ffffff !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-item.active .upl-faq-answer {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  max-height: 800px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 4px 24px 24px 74px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #3BB98B !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: underline !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content code {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', Monaco, monospace !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f1f5f9 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 2px 6px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 3px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.85em !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  margin-top: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: space-between !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 24px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #f4f5f7 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #383838 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1.5 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex: 1 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta-text strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 600 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta-button {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: inline-flex !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  gap: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  background: #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  color: #0f2736 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  padding: 14px 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border: 2px solid #DDDF4C !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  border-radius: 8px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  text-decoration: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-weight: 700 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  white-space: nowrap !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  cursor: pointer !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transition: transform 0.2s ease !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  line-height: 1 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta-button:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  transform: translateY(-5px) !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta-button svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  width: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  height: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  flex-shrink: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* === Tablet === *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 900px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* === Mobile === *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 600px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 48px 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-header {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-bottom: 32px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 26px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-subtitle {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-question {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 16px 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    gap: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-question-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    gap: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    align-items: flex-start !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-number {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 30px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    height: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 0.72rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-top: 1px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-question-text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 0.95rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    line-height: 1.4 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    height: 28px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    margin-top: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-icon svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    height: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \/* R\u00e9ponse align\u00e9e sur le texte de la question (16 + 30 + 10 = 56px) *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 2px 16px 18px 56px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 0.9rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 0.9rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    flex-direction: column !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    align-items: stretch !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    gap: 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    text-align: left !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta-button {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    justify-content: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 14px 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/* === Small mobile === *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 400px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 40px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    font-size: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-question {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 14px 14px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-answer-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 2px 14px 16px 52px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  #upl-gsa-faq .upl-faq-cta {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    padding: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"upl-faq-header\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"upl-faq-badge\"><span class=\"upl-faq-badge-dot\"><\/span><span>FAQ<\/span><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <h2 class=\"upl-faq-title\">Gmail API Service Account &amp; DWD FAQ<\/h2><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"upl-faq-subtitle\">Common questions about Gmail API service account domain-wide delegation, scopes, limits, and when to choose a managed alternative.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"upl-faq-list\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"upl-faq-item active\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-question\" aria-expanded=\"true\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-question-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-number\">01<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-question-text\">What is a Gmail service account?<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"upl-faq-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"5\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"19\"\/><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-answer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-answer-content\"><pee>A <strong>Gmail service account<\/strong> is a special Google Cloud identity (not a human user) that authenticates to the Gmail API using a private JSON key rather than interactive OAuth. When combined with <strong>domain-wide delegation<\/strong>, it allows a server-side application to access Gmail on behalf of any user in a Google Workspace organization, without that user needing to authorize the app manually. It is designed for automated, server-to-server access in enterprise environments.<\/pee><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"upl-faq-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-question-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-number\">02<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-question-text\">What is the difference between a service account and OAuth for Gmail?<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"upl-faq-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"5\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"19\"\/><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-answer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-answer-content\"><pee>A <strong>Gmail API service account + DWD<\/strong> uses server-to-server JWT authentication and can silently impersonate any Workspace user, with no consent flow per user. <strong>Standard OAuth user-side<\/strong> requires each user to go through an interactive consent screen, but works for any Gmail user including personal @gmail.com accounts. Service accounts suit enterprise internal tools; OAuth user-side suits SaaS products with diverse user bases. For a full comparison including the managed option, see the <a href=\"#gsa-compare\">comparison table<\/a> above.<\/pee> Learn more on <a href=\"\/communication-api\/email-api\/gmail-api\/\" style=\"color:#2aaa7e;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;\">Unipile Gmail API product page<\/a>.<\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"upl-faq-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-question-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-number\">03<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-question-text\">Can I use a Gmail service account with @gmail.com accounts?<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"upl-faq-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"5\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"19\"\/><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-answer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-answer-content\"><pee><strong>No.<\/strong> This is the most critical limit of Gmail API service account domain-wide delegation. Personal @gmail.com addresses are not part of a managed Workspace domain, so there is no admin to authorize the DWD delegation. Attempting to impersonate a @gmail.com user will return an authentication error. If your product serves users with @gmail.com accounts, you must use standard OAuth user-side authorization, or a managed provider like Unipile that handles OAuth for both @gmail.com and Workspace users.<\/pee><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"upl-faq-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-question-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-number\">04<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-question-text\">How do I set up DWD in the Admin Console?<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"upl-faq-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"5\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"19\"\/><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-answer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-answer-content\"><pee>In the Google Workspace Admin Console (requires Super Admin), navigate to: <strong>Menu &gt; Security &gt; Access and data control &gt; API controls &gt; Domain-wide delegation &gt; Manage Domain-Wide Delegation &gt; Add new<\/strong>. Enter your service account&#8217;s numeric client ID and the comma-separated list of OAuth scopes. Save and wait up to 60 minutes for propagation. For the complete step-by-step, see the <a href=\"#gsa-setup\">setup guide<\/a> in this article. Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/a\/answer\/162106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Admin Help &#8211; Domain-wide delegation<\/a>.<\/pee><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"upl-faq-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-question-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-number\">05<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-question-text\">Is DWD deprecated or restricted in 2026?<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"upl-faq-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"5\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"19\"\/><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-answer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-answer-content\"><pee>Domain-wide delegation is <strong>not deprecated<\/strong> as of 2026, but it is more restricted. Google introduced multi-party approval for certain high-privilege admin actions in August 2024, which may require a second Super Admin to approve DWD authorizations. Additionally, using restricted Gmail scopes like <code>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/<\/code> now requires a <strong>CASA Tier 2<\/strong> annual security assessment. DWD remains a valid pattern for genuine enterprise internal tool use cases, but the compliance overhead has increased.<\/pee><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <div class=\"upl-faq-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-question-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-number\">06<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <span class=\"upl-faq-question-text\">What scopes do I need for Gmail DWD?<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <span class=\"upl-faq-icon\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"5\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"19\"\/><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <div class=\"upl-faq-answer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <div class=\"upl-faq-answer-content\"><pee>Required scopes depend on what your app does. <strong>Read-only:<\/strong> <code>https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly<\/code> (sensitive, needs Google verification). <strong>Send email:<\/strong> <code>https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.send<\/code> (sensitive). <strong>Full mailbox access:<\/strong> <code>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/<\/code> (restricted, requires CASA Tier 2 assessment). <strong>Metadata only:<\/strong> <code>https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.metadata<\/code> (basic, no review). You must include all required scopes in the Admin Console DWD entry. See the <a href=\"#gsa-scopes\">full scope table<\/a> in this guide.<\/pee><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <div class=\"upl-faq-cta\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <pee class=\"upl-faq-cta-text\"><strong>Still have questions about Gmail API service account domain-wide delegation?<\/strong> Our team can help you choose the right architecture for your use case.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <a href=\"#\" class=\"upl-faq-cta-button\" data-upl-crisp=\"1\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      Talk to an Expert<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\"><\/polyline><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      <\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->(function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  function initFaq(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var faq=document.getElementById('upl-gsa-faq');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if(!faq)return;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    faq.querySelectorAll('.upl-faq-question').forEach(function(btn){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      btn.addEventListener('click',function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        var item=btn.closest('.upl-faq-item');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        var isActive=item.classList.contains('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        faq.querySelectorAll('.upl-faq-item').forEach(function(i){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          i.classList.remove('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          var q=i.querySelector('.upl-faq-question');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          if(q)q.setAttribute('aria-expanded','false');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        if(!isActive){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          item.classList.add('active');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          btn.setAttribute('aria-expanded','true');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    var cta=faq.querySelector('.upl-faq-cta-button');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    if(cta){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      cta.addEventListener('click',function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        e.preventDefault();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        if(window.$crisp){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          window.$crisp.push(['do','chat:open']);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  if(document.readyState==='loading'){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',initFaq);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }else{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    initFaq();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->})();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/body><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/html>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gmail API &#8211; 2026 Guide Gmail API Service Account &#038; Domain-Wide Delegation: The 2026 Guide for Developers Set up Gmail API service account with domain-wide delegation: full Admin Console steps, required scopes, hard limits, and an honest decision framework for when DWD is the wrong choice. Plus: the managed OAuth alternative that skips the admin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":279088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-279078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-api-guidelines"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gmail API Service Account &amp; Domain-Wide Delegation: The 2026 Guide for Developers - Unipile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Set up Gmail API service account with domain-wide delegation: full Admin Console steps, scopes, limits, and when to use OAuth user-side instead.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unipile.com\/de\/gmail-api-dienstkonten-domainweiterdelegation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gmail API Service Account &amp; 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